Jearum atkins



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ILPETHS. PHOTO-LITHOGRAPNER, WASHINGTON, D C.

@uiten tatrs. gatrnt @High JEARUM ATKINS, OF'WAS'HINGTON, DISTRICT OFCOLUMBIA.

Letters Patent No. 80,437, dated J'I/,Zj/ 28, 1868.

" IMPROVEMENT IN SMOKE-STAGES ron LocoMoTivns.

TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:

Be it known that I, JEARUM ATKINS, of Washington, District of Columbia,have invented a new and useful Improvement in Locomotive-Engines, the.;and I do hereby declare the following to'be a full and exact descriptionthereof, reference being had to the drawings that accompany and form apart of these specifications;

The nature of my invention consists in producing an annular taperingpassage or smoke-stack, through which the products of combustion arecaused to pass on their way from the furnaces of locomotives, and, in`combination therewith, an exhaust-steam pipe, through which theescaping steam from the cylinders of the engine is injected into saidannular smoke-stack, which steam-pipe is provided with an annular orother suitable i mouth-piece or nozzle, so arranged relatively with saidannular smoke-stack that the force ofthe escaping steam shall bedistributed equally over the entire circumference thereof, for thepurpose of increasing the draught of the furnaces, as hereinafterdescribed.

Figurel, of the annexed drawings, is a vertical cross-section on a linewith the centre ofthe smoke-stack.

Figure 2 is a half plan or birds-eye view of the top ofthe stack, and ahalf horizontal section thereof on line Ain fig. 1.

Figure 3 is a horizontal section on line B in fig. 1p.

Figure l is a horizontal section of the exhaust-pipe on line C in iig.1.

` Figure 5 is a vertical cross-section, through the front of the boilerand the lower portion ofthe smoke-stack andcxhaust-steam pipes, on aline with the centre of the stack.

Figure 6 is a vertical section of the exhaust-pipes, enlarged from fig.5.

Figure 7 is a horizontal cross-section of the exhaust-pipes, taken online X in fig. 6.

Figure 8 is a horizontal cross-section of4 the exhaust-pipes on line Yin iig. 5.

Figure 9 is a horizontal cross-section of the exhaust-pipeson line Z infig. 5.

Figure 10 is a horizontal cross-section of the exhaust-pipes on linel Win iig. 5.

Figure 11, sheet 2, is another vertical cross-scetion, similar to iig.1, sheet 1, representing certain modifications in the construction ofthe same. l Y

Figure 12, sheet 2, is still another vertical cross-section, similar tofig. 11, sheet.2, showing other Inodications in the stack, and also inthe exhaust-pipes.

Figure 13,-sheet 2, is a vertical section through the centre of theexhaust-pipes, enlarged from fig. 12, sheet 2.

Figure 14, sheet 2, is a horizontal projection or birils-eye view of thetop of the exhaust-pipes, as represented in fig. 13, shee't 2. l

The boiler D, smoke-stack E, and saddle F, which serves as abase for thestack, and connects itwiththe boiler, are essentially the same as thosein common use.

In place of the usual straight or cylindrical iue1 which occupies thecentre of the stack for carrying o the products of combustion, Iintroduce the largo conical flue G, and-within it the smaller conicaltube H, the annulaiand conical space formed between it and the tlue Gbeing that through which the smoke and gases from the fire rind theirway to the open air.

The foot oi' the flue G is fixed in the saddle F, and is furthersupported by being connected with the smoke-stack by means of thetransverse stay-rods I.

'lhc exhaust-pipes, leading from the two cylinders of the engine, uniteiii one vertical pipe, K, which is enlarged at its outlet, and containswithin it the core J, whose axis coincides with that of pipe K. The coreJ is xed in its pla-cc by means of four screw-bolts, L. a horizontalview of which is given in fig. 4.

An annular passage is thus formed between the exhaust-pipe K and core J,through which the steamwhich escapes from the cylinders finds its way tothe annulaipassage, formed for the products of combustion, between theconical pipes G and H. The pipe K is bored out nearly cylindrical a fewinchesfrom itsoutlet, which, in

conjunction with the core J, forms an annular steam-nozzle, as beforestated, which is narrowest at the point of.

' impact, and gives the steam, which escapes therefrom, a directionnearly on a line with the centre of the passage formed for the escapinggases from the'furnacc. v i

On the top of core J there is formed a cylindrical projection, overwhich the foot of the central pipe, H, fits loosely, and by which it` isheld in position. The top of core J being larger than the cylindricalportion, which enters pipeH, forms a shoulder for said pipe to restupon.

The upper end of the central pipe H is held in position by means of anaxis, M, lxed in its centre by the cross-arms N, seen cdgewise in iig.2. The cross-stay rods or braces O, attached to the top of flue G, ferm*a central bearing for carrying the axis M, sufficient end play beingallowed in said axis M to admit of its being lifted up until its lowerlend clears the top of the cylindrical projection on core J, when it maybp carried slightly to one side for cleaning outthc ashes which willaccumulate in said central tube.

An important advantage of the annular flue, described herein, is foundin the receptacle provided fora-shes 'and cinders, which are carriedfrom the fire-chamber, and, being turned downwards by the deilector P,are received in thev central tube H, or within the jacket E, and cannotb disturbed therein by any -action of the draught. A great objection tothe use of coal-burning.locomotives is the discomfort occasioned by theashes and cinders, which aredischarged from the stack and envelope thetrain. I This discomfort is almost or entirely obviated by the use of areceptacle to receive and retain the ashes and cinders within the stack,and which itis easy to provide in connection with an annular passage,without materially affecting the capacity of the due.

This lastfdescribedfarrangement may also be found useful for fixing thetube H at dierent degrees of elevation, from time to time, -thus varyingthe size of the smoke-passage for the purpose of determining what amountof area lin said passage gives the best results. The annulardeilecting-plate P, which is carried -upon l the braces Q, serves toarrest the sparks in their ascent, and prevent their escape into theopen air through the l wire netting, which is represented hy the dottedline R.

Figs. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 represent a proposed modification Ain theconstruction ofthe smoke-stack and exhaustpipe, (for which I design toapply for Letters Patcnt,) by which the escaping steam from eachcylinder would be injected into the smoke-stack independently of theother.

The single exhaust-pipe S, fig. 5, which is connected with ,only onecylinder, carries at its outlet the beforedescribed core J, forming anannular steam-nozzle, which does not diifer fromthat represented in tig.l, though the steam from only one cylinder, instead of both, escapesthrough it, as is clearly shown in the drawings.

Surrounding the steam-exhaust pipe S, there is an outer pipe, T, oflarger diameter, between which and pipe S there is another annularexhaust-nozzle formed, which communicates withthe other cylinder throughthe pipe U.

Fig. 6 is an enlarged vertical section of the exhaust-pipe S',corresponding to S in iig. 5, and T to T in fig. 5.

Fig. 7, asvaforesaid, is a horizontal section on line X in fig. 6,showing the oval form of pipe S at this point, and the shape oftheflange at the bottom/cf the pipe, with one side cut away to make roomfor the steam to pass from pipe U to the outer exhaust-nozzle.

I Fig. 10, which -is a horizontal sectiolron line W in tig.5,'represents theform ofthe top of the pipes which lead from thecylinder to the exhaust-nozzles, which pipes may be cust in oneV piece,or otherwise, as may be found expedient. f

Fig. 9, which is a horizontal section on line Z in iig. 5, representsthe form of both exhaust-pipes, as also the flanges at the foot of both,for bolting them to the top ofthe pipes which lead to the cylinders.

Fig. 11, sheet 2, represents a smoke-stack, designed for coal-burningengines, combined with the beforedescribed annular exhaustipipes, thesame letters referring to corresponding parts in fig. 1 of sheet 1.

The stack last named does not diifer essentially from that shown in iig.1, sheet 1, already described, except in being without the outsidecasing E, which is deemed unnecessary in a coal-burning engine.

Some changes are also represented in the construction of the top of thestack from that described in fig. 1, sheet l, which are so clearly shownin the drawings as not to require any further description. l

Fig. 12, sheet 2, represents a stack, similar to that last described,excepting in the form ofthc top, in Y lcomhination with a divided ormulti-tubular exhaust-nozzle, similar to that described in my LettersPatent, granted me, March the 17th, A. D. 1868,

.Fig 123, sheet 2, is an enlarged vertical section of the exhaust-steampipes, which lead from the cylinders, and thc'descrihed nozzle, whichterminates in the several small tapering tubes,'V, inserted in theflanged conical cap W', which cap is bolted to the top of theexhaust-pipe. A horizontal projection or top view of the cap lV, withits several tubes V, is shown ,in fig. 14, sheet 2. The cap`W is formedwith a cylindrical projection and a square shoulder to receive the footof the central pipo H, shown in dotted lines in fig. 13..

'The exhaust-tubes V are arranged so as to throw the jets of 'steam on aline, or nearly so, with the centre cf the sniokc-i'iassage, anddistribute theforce with which said 'steamjets ac't upon the products ofcombustion for increasing the draught equally o ver the circumference ofsaid smoke-passage, as is the case when the annular steam-jet is usedfor the same purpose as before described. y

- These tapering smoke-passages mightl be made square, as shown inFigure 15, sheet '2, or they might be made in the form of an ellipse ora rectangle, the form not being essential to the result attained. Again,a tapering flue might bc made in the -form of a Along, narrow rectanglein its cross-section, as represented in Figure 16, sheet 2, in whichcase the outer ends ot' the exhaust-pipes, in order to adapt thesteam-jets to the form ofthe liuc, would require to be fastened,asreprcsented in said iig. 16. -The exhaust-pipes might, in such l case,be made to carry the steam from each cylinder to the smoke-stackindependent of the other, as shown in thc figure. d

The before described lmode is designed as an improvement in my inventionfor which Letters Patent were granted me, March 17, 1868, in which theadvantage gained by the usc of the expanding ues was fully set forth;

and it may be stated that an additionaladvantage is gained by thejets ofsteam expanding so as to fill the smokepassages in travelling only a fewinches from .the point of impact, and consequently acting upon theproducts of combustion with nearly the whole force due to its initialvelocity, whereas, in the smoke-stackshas constructed at present, theexhausting steam travels so far from the point of impact before it canexpand so as-to fill the same, (which it must do before it can becomeeffective in forcing the smoke and gases upwards for the purpose ofincreasing the draught,) that its force is,lin a great measure,exhausted before the effect is produced; and it is, therefore, apparentthat a great increase in the draught is elected by the useof theapparatus constructed iu accordance with the principles above set forth,over and above any hitherto known.

There is still another mode of constructing the upper portion of thestack to produce the desired e'ect, which is shown in Figure 1 7, sheet2, in which the defiector P is attached to and supported by the outercasing C, no space being left between it and said casing for any portionof the products of combustion to pass through. By this arrangement, allthe smoke and ga-ses'make 4their escape through the circular opening inthe centre of thedelectr, the principal object'in this constructionbeing to give the sparks an invariable tendency to settle directly intothe central tube H.

What I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. The combination of the annular exhaust-nozzle, o'r'its equivalent,and the annular smoke-passage, substantially as herein described. y l

2. The arrangement of the annular smoke-passage and the annulardefiecting-plate P, substantially as set forth.

3. vIn combination with the annular passage G and annular dellector'?,the central receptacle H, substan` tially as and for the purposes setforth.

JEARUM ATKINS'.

Witnesses:

DANIEL D. ROBINSON, Ones. H. Poonn.

